Is Earth An Isolated System
Is earth an isolated system. Earth is considered a closed system because though heat enters its mass remains essentially constant. In most cases the earth itself is a closed system. That is what the 2nd law of thermodynamics means.
Theoretically a system is isolated from its environment but this is an artificial construct since nothing is ever fully isolated. When the voltage exceeds 1000 V then the neutral of the alternator has to be earthed. An isolated system obeys the conservation law that its total energymass stays constant.
The atmosphere receives energy from solar radiation which warms the earths surface and is re-emitted and conducted to the atmosphere. If the answer to both questions is no that would be defined as an isolated system. Thus the entropy of system earth can decrease by increasing the entropy of surrounding space.
No mass and no energy of any sort passes in or out of an isolated system. Some is reflected back out into space. It is important to note that the earth is not an isolated system.
The total system momentum would be expected to be conserved. When we deal with the Earth system however work is not extracted from the system but is performed within the system itself and hence dW is not taken away from U. However there are no truly isolated systems in the world.
Most often in thermodynamics mass and energy are treated as separately conserved. It is a closed box. The geosphere atmosphere hydrosphere and biosphere.
It is taken away from the heat content to generate a non-heat form of free energy. The system is isolated.
On board ships the main system is normally insulated for the bus bar voltage of 440 V.
Again even when the ball is being thrown the system comprising Earth thrower and ball is isolated. The matter of Earth remains on Earth and in its atmosphere because gravity prevents it from migrating into space. It is taken away from the heat content to generate a non-heat form of free energy. Most often in thermodynamics mass and energy are treated as separately conserved. An earthed system has one pole or the neutral connected to earth. When the voltage exceeds 1000 V then the neutral of the alternator has to be earthed. Because of gravity matter comprising all solids liquids and gases does not leave the system. The atmosphere receives energy from solar radiation which warms the earths surface and is re-emitted and conducted to the atmosphere. An isolated system cannot exchange energy or matter.
It can be turned into an isolated system by closing and insulating it so neither heat or matter can escape. In most cases the earth itself is a closed system. Because of the requirement of enclosure and the near ubiquity of gravity strictly and ideally isolated systems do not actually occur in experiments or in nature. However there are no truly isolated systems in the world. The atmosphere receives energy from solar radiation which warms the earths surface and is re-emitted and conducted to the atmosphere. So if your system is open it lets both heat and matter out. Human beings are just one example of open systems on the earth.
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